Nisan 1262\u2019de K\u0131r\u015fehir\u2019de Ahiler ve T\u00fcrkmenler, Mo\u011follara kar\u015f\u0131 II. Izzeddin Keyk\u00e2vus\u2019un tahta kalmas\u0131 i\u00e7in sava\u015ft\u0131. Bu sava\u015fta ahilerin reisi Ahi Evran \u015fehit oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ahi Evran, 1171 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n Bat\u0131 Azerbaycan taraf\u0131nda bulunan Hoy kasabas\u0131nda do\u011fmu\u015ftu. Ahi Evran\u2019\u0131n \u00e7ocuklu\u011fu ve ilk tahsil devresi Hoy\u2019da ge\u00e7mi\u015fti. Gen\u00e7li\u011finde Horasan ve M\u00e2ver\u00e2\u00fcnnehr\u2019e giderek, o y\u00f6redeki b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fcstatlardan ders alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. As\u0131l ad\u0131 Mahmut olan Ahi Evran, babas\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131na ve do\u011fum yerine nispetle Mahmut bin Ahmet el-Hoyi (Hoylu Ahmet\u2019in o\u011flu Mahmut) olarak tan\u0131nmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Burada tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e2lim Fahrettin Razi\u2019den akl\u00ee (fen) ve nakl\u00ee (dini) ilimleri \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ahi Evran, muhtemelen 1204\u2019te yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir Hac yolculu\u011fu s\u0131ras\u0131nda evliyadan \u015eeyh Evhad\u00fcddin Kirmani ile tan\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve onunla Ba\u011fdat\u2019a gitmi\u015fti. Kirmani\u2019nin tavsiyesiyle Abbasi halifesi Nas\u0131r Lidinillah\u2019\u0131n kurmu\u015f oldu\u011fu F\u00fct\u00fcvvet Te\u015fkil\u00e2t\u0131\u2019na kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve bu te\u015fkilat\u0131n \u00f6nde gelen \u015feyhleriyle temas kurmu\u015ftu. Ba\u015fta Kirmani olmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok \u00fcstad\u0131n ilminden istifade etmi\u015f ve onlardan tefsir, hadis, f\u0131k\u0131h, kel\u00e2m ve t\u0131p alan\u0131nda dersler alarak derin bir \u00e2lim, tasavvuf yolunda y\u00fcksek makam sahibi bir veli olmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sel\u00e7uklu Sultan\u0131 I. G\u0131y\u00e2seddin Keyh\u00fcsrev d\u00f6neminde Muhyiddin Arab\u00ee ve hocas\u0131 Evhad\u00fcddin Kirmani ile birlikte Anadolu\u2019ya gelen Ahi Evran, Kayseri\u2019de bir debba\u011f (deri i\u015fleme) at\u00f6lyesi kurmu\u015ftu. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, bilgeli\u011fi ve d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile sanat sahibi kimseler aras\u0131nda \u00e7ok sevilmi\u015fti. K\u0131sa s\u00fcrede Kayseri\u2019de mesle\u011finde bilgeli\u011fi ile \u00fcnlenen Ahi Evran F\u00fct\u00fcvvet Te\u015fkil\u00e2t\u0131\u2019ndan esinlenerek ilk Ahi Te\u015fkil\u00e2t\u0131\u2019n\u0131 burada kurmu\u015ftu. Bu zamanlarda hocas\u0131 Evhad\u00fcddin Kirmani\u2019nin k\u0131z\u0131 Fatma Bac\u0131 ile evlenmi\u015fti. Anadolu\u2019da \u00f6zellikle esnafa \u0130sl\u00e2miyet\u2019i anlatarak d\u00fcnya ve ahret i\u015flerini d\u00fczenli h\u00e2le getirmeleri i\u00e7in nasihatte bulunmaya devam ederken, hocas\u0131n\u0131n vefat\u0131ndan sonra onun vekili olmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ahili\u011fe kad\u0131nlar giremedi\u011fi i\u00e7in, erkek esnaflar aras\u0131nda Ahiyan-\u0131 Rum \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesini olu\u015fturan Ahi Evran ayn\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeyi e\u015fi Fatma Bac\u0131 vas\u0131tas\u0131yla kad\u0131nlar aras\u0131nda da ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek istemi\u015fti. E\u015fi Fatma Bac\u0131 \u00f6nderli\u011finde Bac\u0131yan-\u0131 Rum (Anadolu Kad\u0131nlar\u0131) te\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131 kurmu\u015f olan Ahi Evran kad\u0131nlar\u0131n da ekonomik, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve askeri olarak toplum hayat\u0131nda aktif rol \u00fcstlenmelerini sa\u011flamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bac\u0131yan-\u0131 Rum \u00fcyeleri, Ahi Evran\u2019\u0131n Kayseri\u2019de kurdu\u011fu sanayi sitesi i\u00e7erisinde Debba\u011flar (dericiler) \u00c7ar\u015f\u0131s\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yan\u0131nda K\u00fclahduzlar (\u00f6rg\u00fcc\u00fc-dokumac\u0131) \u00c7ar\u015f\u0131s\u0131\u2019nda mesleklerini icra ederek ekonomik hayat\u0131n i\u00e7inde yer alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Ahiyan-\u0131 Rum\u2019un slogan\u0131 \u201cEline, diline, beline sahip ol<\/em>\u201d<\/strong> iken, Bac\u0131yan-\u0131 Rum \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn slogan\u0131 ise \u201c\u0130\u015fine, a\u015f\u0131na, e\u015fine sahip ol<\/em>\u201d<\/strong> idi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1227 y\u0131l\u0131nda Sultan Al\u00e2eddin Keykub\u00e2d\u2019\u0131n arzusuyla Konya’ya yerle\u015fen Ahi Evran ve Fatma Bac\u0131 burada da sanat\u0131n\u0131 icra etmi\u015fti. Fakat Ahilerin en b\u00fcy\u00fck hamisi olan Sultan Sultan Al\u00e2eddin Keykub\u00e2d\u2019\u0131n 1237 y\u0131l\u0131nda zehirlenerek \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi \u00fczerine sultanla g\u00f6n\u00fcl ba\u011f\u0131 bulunan Ahiler, II. G\u0131yaseddin Keyh\u00fcsrev ve vezir Saadettin K\u00f6pek\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 koymu\u015flard\u0131. Saadettin K\u00f6pek\u2019in oyunlar\u0131 sonucu suikasttan sorumlu tutulan Ahi Evran ve Ahilerin \u00f6nde gelenleri, II. G\u0131yaseddin Keyh\u00fcsrev taraf\u0131ndan cezaland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p hapsedilmi\u015flerdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ahi Evran\u2019\u0131n hapsedilmesinden sonra Kayseri\u2019ye ge\u00e7en Fatma Bac\u0131 kocas\u0131na vek\u00e2leten hem Ahiyan-\u0131 Rum hem de Bac\u0131yan-\u0131 Rum \u00f6rg\u00fctleri \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmaya devam ederken devlet bask\u0131s\u0131na ve Mo\u011fol zul\u00fcmlerine kar\u015f\u0131 ayakta durmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 12<\/strong>43 y\u0131l\u0131nda al\u0131nan K\u00f6seda\u011f yenilgisi sonras\u0131 Mo\u011follar Anadolu\u2019yu i\u015fgale ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Mo\u011follar taraf\u0131ndan ku\u015fat\u0131lan Kayseri Ahiler ve Bac\u0131yan-\u0131 Rum mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n yard\u0131m\u0131 ile uzun s\u00fcre i\u015fgale direndi. Ancak ihanet sonucu \u015fehri ele ge\u00e7iren Mo\u011follar ba\u015fta Ahiler olmak \u00fczere halk\u0131 k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7tan ge\u00e7irmi\u015fti. Bir\u00e7ok erkek ve Fatma Bac\u0131\u2019n\u0131n da aras\u0131nda bulundu\u011fu kad\u0131nlar esir edilip \u0130ran\u2019a g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1246\u2019da II. G\u0131yaseddin Keyh\u00fcsrev\u2019in \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra II. Izzeddin Keyk\u00e2vus\u2019u tahta \u00e7\u0131karan Cel\u00e2leddin Karatay saltanat naipli\u011fi g\u00f6revine atand\u0131ktan sonra, Ahi Evran\u2019\u0131 ve Ahileri zindandan \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve Ahilik te\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131n yeniden canlanmas\u0131na \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bundan sonra k\u0131sa bir d\u00f6nem Denizli\u2019ye giden Ahi Evran tekrar Konya\u2019ya d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1247’de, Mevl\u00e2na’n\u0131n o\u011flu Al\u00e2eddin \u00c7elebi, Ahi Evran\u2019\u0131n Konya\u2019da bulundu\u011fu s\u0131rada \u015eems-i Tebrizi ile aras\u0131nda \u00e7eki\u015fmeler oldu\u011fundan, Mevl\u00e2na\u2019n\u0131n hocas\u0131 \u015eems-i Tebrizi’nin \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesinde Ahi Evran\u2019\u0131n parma\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fu iddias\u0131n\u0131 yaym\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Dedikodular ve kendine at\u0131lan iftiralar ile u\u011fra\u015fmak istemeyen Ahi Evran 1247\u2019de K\u0131r\u015fehir\u2019e gitmi\u015f ve yerle\u015fmi\u015fti. Buraya geldikten sonra Ahiyan-\u0131 Rum te\u015fkilat\u0131 i\u015flerine a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k vermi\u015fti. Ahi Evran, kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Yesi\u2019den alan kutlu bir davan\u0131n g\u00f6n\u00fcl erleri ile birlikte bu topraklar\u0131 vatan yapman\u0131n, Anadolu\u2019nun T\u00fcrkle\u015fmesi ve \u0130slamla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yapmak i\u00e7in kurdu\u011fu Ahilik sistemi ile Anadolu\u2019ya g\u00f6\u00e7 eden T\u00fcrkmenlere hem a\u015f hem i\u015f vermi\u015f, onlar\u0131 tekke ve zaviyelerde iyi bir M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ve vas\u0131fl\u0131 bir meslek sahibi \u00fcretici insan h\u00e2line getirmek i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Cel\u00e2leddin Karatay\u2019\u0131n 1254’te \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra IV. R\u00fckneddin K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Arslan, Kayseri\u2019ye gelip sultanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan edince Konya\u2019da bulunan karde\u015fi II. Izzeddin Keyk\u00e2vus ile taht m\u00fccadelesine ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. T\u00fcrkmenler ve Ahiler II. Izzeddin Keyk\u00e2vus\u2019u Mevl\u00e2na ve \u00e7evresi ise IV. R\u00fckneddin K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Arslan\u2019\u0131 desteklemi\u015f ve Sel\u00e7uklu taht\u0131na sahip olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 1260 y\u0131l\u0131na gelene kadar Ahi Evran, 32 \u00e7e\u015fit esnaf\u0131 K\u0131r\u015fehir merkez olmak \u00fczere te\u015fkilatland\u0131rmay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. IV. R\u00fckneddin K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Arslan\u2019\u0131n Sel\u00e7uklu taht\u0131na tek ba\u015f\u0131na oturabilmesi i\u00e7in vezir M\u00fc\u00eeneddin S\u00fcleyman, Beylerbeyi Hat\u00eer o\u011flu \u015eerefeddin ve S\u00e2hib Ata Fahreddin Ali yard\u0131m ve siyas\u00ee destek almak \u00fczere H\u00fcl\u00e2gu Han\u2019a gittikleri zaman Mo\u011follar elinde esir bulunan \u015eeyh Evhad\u00fcddin\u2019in k\u0131z\u0131 Fatma Bac\u0131\u2019n\u0131n serbest b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 da istemi\u015flerdi. H\u00fcl\u00e2gu Han, Fatma Bac\u0131\u2019y\u0131 serbest b\u0131rak\u0131nca, onu al\u0131p Kayseri’ye getirmi\u015flerdi. O da K\u0131r\u015fehir\u2019e Ahi Evran\u2019\u0131n yan\u0131na gitmi\u015f yirmi \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k ayr\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015fl\u00fck son bulmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nisan 1262\u2019de K\u0131r\u015fehir\u2019de Ahiler ve T\u00fcrkmenler ile birlikte II. Izzeddin Keyk\u00e2vus\u2019un tahta kalmas\u0131 i\u00e7in Mo\u011follara kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015fan Ahi Evran \u015fehit oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130ki y\u0131ll\u0131k birliktelikten sonra Ahi Evran\u2019\u0131 kaybeden Fatma Bac\u0131 ise Ahi Evran\u2019\u0131n arkada\u015f\u0131 olan Hac\u0131 Bekta\u015f-\u0131 Veli\u2019nin yan\u0131na Nev\u015fehir Hac\u0131bekta\u015f\u2019a gidip onun himayesine girip Bac\u0131yan-\u0131 Rum te\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131 yeniden canland\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Nisan 1262\u2019de K\u0131r\u015fehir\u2019de Ahiler ve T\u00fcrkmenler, Mo\u011follara kar\u015f\u0131 II. Izzeddin Keyk\u00e2vus\u2019un tahta kalmas\u0131 i\u00e7in sava\u015ft\u0131. Bu sava\u015fta ahilerin reisi Ahi Evran \u015fehit oldu. Ahi Evran, 1171 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n Bat\u0131 Azerbaycan taraf\u0131nda bulunan Hoy kasabas\u0131nda do\u011fmu\u015ftu. Ahi Evran\u2019\u0131n \u00e7ocuklu\u011fu ve ilk tahsil devresi Hoy\u2019da ge\u00e7mi\u015fti. Gen\u00e7li\u011finde Horasan ve M\u00e2ver\u00e2\u00fcnnehr\u2019e giderek, o y\u00f6redeki b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fcstatlardan ders alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[15,8,16,7],"class_list":["post-269","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kayi-han-oglu-ertugrul-gazi","tag-ahi-evran","tag-ertugrul-gazi","tag-fatma-baci","tag-kayi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dursunsaral.com.tr\/kitap\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/269","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dursunsaral.com.tr\/kitap\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dursunsaral.com.tr\/kitap\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dursunsaral.com.tr\/kitap\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dursunsaral.com.tr\/kitap\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=269"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/dursunsaral.com.tr\/kitap\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/269\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":270,"href":"https:\/\/dursunsaral.com.tr\/kitap\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/269\/revisions\/270"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dursunsaral.com.tr\/kitap\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=269"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dursunsaral.com.tr\/kitap\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=269"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dursunsaral.com.tr\/kitap\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=269"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}